165 wade in

methods of nonviolent intervention physical intervention
165 wade in banner

"The wade-in is a method designed to counter racial discrimination in the use of beaches which are physically accessible to the public (i.e., not surrounded by fences, etc.) and for which tickets are not required. The opponents of racial discrimination simply enter the area and make normal use of the beach and water without regard to restrictive customs or legal prohibition. An interracial group of seventy-five from the Youth Work Committee of the Chicago National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, for example, conducted a wade-in at Rainbow Beach on Lake Michigan, in the South Shore of Chicago, from July 16 to the end of the summer 1961.81"...

((Sharp, Gene. The Politics of Nonviolent Action (p. 402). Albert Einstein Institution. Kindle Edition.))

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048 protest meetings

protest meetings

trending_up 8.5/10 as a pair
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018 displays of flags and symbolic colors

displays of flags and symbolic colors

trending_up 8.5/10 as a pair
group_work In 1 campaigns together
007 slogans caricatures and symbols

slogans caricatures and symbols

trending_up 8.5/10 as a pair
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011 records radio and television

records radio and television

trending_down 6.5/10 as a pair
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175 overloading of facilities

overloading of facilities

trending_down 6.8/10 as a pair
group_work In 2 campaigns together
038 marches

marches

trending_down 7.0/10 as a pair
group_work In 1 campaigns together

High scoring campaigns using this method

Historical cases from the Nonviolent Action Database that used this method

Citizens stop development companies’ destruction of bay habitat in Manatee County, Florida, 2013

8.5/10

On 6 June 2013, developers Carlos Beruff and Larry Lieberman asked Florida’s Manatee County Commission for environmental exceptions and zoning changes to Long Bar Pointe, a 523-acre area of land along Sarasota Bay. In 2012, Lieberman, the land’s owne...

African Americans march for civil rights in St. Augustine, Florida, 1963-64

7.0/10

As the nationwide struggle for civil rights in the United States, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, continued into 1964, tension between civil rights activists and the city government was rising in St. Augustine, Florida. Public institutions remaine...

Florida wade-ins to end racial segregation of public beach and pools (Civil Rights Movement) 1945-1964

6.5/10

In a time that many considered the “post-Jim Crow” era, racial segregation of unequal public facilities remained the norm throughout Florida. First expressed in the Fort Lauderdale Daily News in 1927, African American communities were unhappy with be...

Low scoring campaigns using this method

Historical cases from the Nonviolent Action Database that used this method

No low-scoring cases found for this method.

Effectiveness profile

Success by Opponent
Government / State Body 7.3
Judiciary / Legal System 7.0
Military / Police 7.0
Success by Region

Risk profile

Risk by region

Compared to the worldwide average for this method

Americas
skull
Lethal Force and Harm trending_flat Average
personal_injury
Physical Assault (Non-Lethal) trending_flat Average
gavel
Arrests and Legal Action trending_flat Average
campaign
Intimidation and Harassment trending_flat Average
lock
Restrictions on Rights and Freedoms trending_up Above Average
house_siding
Property Damage and Economic Reprisals trending_flat Average

Risk by regime

Compared to the worldwide average for this method

Electoral democracy
Liberal democracy