051 walk outs

methods of nonviolent protest and persuasion withdrawal and renunciation
051 walk outs banner

"A group of persons, a delegation, or even an individual may express his political objections by walking out of a conference, assembly, meeting, or discussion before it has been adjourned. In 1920, for example, there was considerable opposition among Russian trade unionists, including members of the Communist Party, to the extension of government control over trade unions and their activities. This opposition was expressed by a walk-out when the enlarged plenum of Tsektran (the Joint Central Transport Committee) met in December; the “communist representatives of the water transport workers together with a large number of railwaymen left the conference room as a protest.” 253 On at least two occasions the normally subservient Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, then Chief of the German High Command, walked out on Hitler. In April 1940, for instance, he walked out of the conference chamber when Hitler rebuked him in front of others after Keitel had opposed the transfer of the administration of occupied Norway from the German commander-in-chief there to Gauleiter Josef Terboven, who then became Reichskommissar.254 And following Hitler’s angry repudiation of his memorandum opposing a war with the Soviet Union, and his offer of resignation in late August 1940, Keitel again “walked out of the room without a word.” 255"...

((Sharp, Gene. The Politics of Nonviolent Action (p. 193). Albert Einstein Institution. Kindle Edition.))

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128 boycott of government supported institutions

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High scoring campaigns using this method

Historical cases from the Nonviolent Action Database that used this method

Filipinos campaign to overthrow dictator (People Power), 1983-1986

10.0/10

Ferdinand Marcos was elected president of the Philippines in 1965. Marcos was reelected in 1969 and when barred to run for a third term, he declared martial law and gave himself near absolute power. Marcos assumed full control of the military, dissol...

El Salvadorans bring down a dictator, 1944

10.0/10

In 1938, El Salvadoran president General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez proposed changing the country’s constitution so that he could continue holding his position beyond the end of his second term. When Martínez came to power in the early 1930s as a...

U.S. Spirit Airlines pilots strike for better wages, 2010

10.0/10

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Indigenous Gurindji win land rights in Australia (Wave Hill Walk Off) 1966-1975

10.0/10

On August 23rd, 1966, the workers of the Wave Hill Station in Northern Territory, Australia, participated in a walk off led by Vincent Lingiari. The workers felt oppressed by the low wages, poor working and living conditions they received at the Wave...

Lawrence, MA factory workers strike "for Bread and Roses," U.S. 1912

10.0/10

As we come marching, marching, we battle too for men, For they are women's children, and we mother them again. Our lives shall not be sweated from birth until life closes; Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread, but give us roses! - James Opp...

Turkish People prevent shopping mall from replacing Istanbul's Gezi Park, 2013

9.5/10

Recep Tayyip Erdogan was first inaugurated as prime minister of Turkey in 2003 and enjoyed wide popular support, contributing to successive elections as prime minister. Erdogan gathered 47% of the vote in 2007, and he came into office in 2011 with 49...

Native Guadeloupeans campaign against high living costs, 2009

9.0/10

Guadeloupe is generally a tourist-friendly French Caribbean island (a department of the French state, whose residents are citizens of the EU). The island's inhabitants rely mostly on imported goods sold in French-owned supermarkets at a significantly...

Harlan County, KY, coal miners win affiliation with UMWA union, United States, 1973-1974

9.0/10

In June of 1973, workers at the Brookside coal mine in Harlan County, Kentucky voted 113-55 to replace their membership in the Southern Labor Union (SLU) and join the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) union. The SLU was largely seen as serving th...

J-1 student guest workers protest working conditions (Justice at Hershey's), United States, 2011

9.0/10

In 1961 the United States government created the J-1 exchange visa program that allows for people, including students from other countries, to visit the USA for cultural immersion and work-study. In what is typically a four-month program, thousands o...

Massachusetts residents block construction of Kinder Morgan Northeast Energy Direct pipeline 2014-2016

9.0/10

In September 2014, Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (TGP), a subsidiary of Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, L.P., proposed a 346-mile pipeline to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). The proposal included two paths: a 220-mile “supply...

Low scoring campaigns using this method

Historical cases from the Nonviolent Action Database that used this method

Paul Robeson High School Students in New York Campaign Against Closing, 2009-2011

1.0/10

Paul Robeson High School opened in Brooklyn, New York, 1984, as a replacement for the closed Alexander Hamilton High School. The school board’s vision for the new Robeson High School focused primarily on decreasing the dropout rate. To ensure this, t...

Seychellois campaign for free independent radio, 2006

1.5/10

The Republic of Seychelles is a small island nation in the Indian Ocean, east of Tanzania. The Seychelles People’s Progressive Front (SPPF) has held power in the Republic of Seychelles since their coup d’etat in 1977. Despite laws that nominally prov...

Chicano Students Walk Out for Racial Equality in Kingsville, Texas 1969

2.5/10

During the Civil Rights Movement, Mexican-Americans struggled for equal rights all across the Southwest in America. In Texas, campaigns for racial equality were led primarily by organizations like La Raza (the Resistance), MAYO (Mexican-American Yout...

Students and staff at the College of William and Mary campaign for higher wages for housekeepers 2010-2011

2.5/10

Beginning in 1999 and lasting into 2001, students at William and Mary and members of the Tidewater Labor Support Committee (TSLC) carried out what they called a "Living Wage Campaign," during which they protested and petitioned the school’s administr...

Cape Verde Telecom employees strike for higher wages, 2010

3.0/10

The Union of Transport, Telecommunications, Hospitality and Tourism (SITTHUR) is a union in Cape Verde that is comprised of a range of employees involved in transportation, telecommunications, service work, and tourism. In 2010, the administration of...

Chicago students, teachers protest school closings, 2013

3.0/10

21 March 2013 Chicago Public School officials announced a plan to close 54 schools with the goals of reconciling a $1 billion dollar deficit, making better use of resources, and improving education. District CEO Barbara Byrd-Bennett and Chicago Mayor...

Danish Brewery (Carlsberg) workers strike for beer rights, 2010

3.0/10

Ranked as the world’s fourth best brewer, Carlsberg Brewery held a 163-year-old tradition that its workers could enjoy free beer from refrigerators located around work sites throughout the day. Typical workers consumed three bottles of beer a day, ex...

East German workers strike to protect wages, 1953

3.0/10

On 15 June 1953, in East Berlin, construction workers on the Stalinallee Avenue began to voice their issues with the SED’s (Socialist Unity Party) new regulations. The SED trade union officials, following mass worker emigration from East Germany, inc...

Swarthmore Afro-American Student Society fights for greater representation and support services, 1968-1969

3.0/10

The first attempt by an African American to enroll in Swarthmore College was 1905 when the admissions committee mistakenly admitted a light-skinned black student thinking he was white. Upon discovering his race the college withdrew its acceptance. Th...

Turkish Cypriots campaign for European Union membership of Cyprus, 2002-2003

3.0/10

On 21 December 1963, the Greek-Turkish controlled island of Cyprus experienced extreme intercommunal violence between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots. The capital, Nicosia, was thereafter divided into two sectors by a “Green Line”, separating the two ...

Effectiveness profile

Success by Opponent
Corporation / Business 6.2
Educational Institution 5.0
Government / State Body 6.7
Judiciary / Legal System 7.3
Military / Police 7.5
Success by Theme
Success by Group Type
Success by Region
Success by Campaign Scale
Success by Goal Magnitude

Risk profile

Risk by region

Compared to the worldwide average for this method

Africa
skull
Lethal Force and Harm trending_flat Average
personal_injury
Physical Assault (Non-Lethal) trending_flat Average
gavel
Arrests and Legal Action trending_flat Average
campaign
Intimidation and Harassment trending_flat Average
lock
Restrictions on Rights and Freedoms trending_flat Average
house_siding
Property Damage and Economic Reprisals trending_flat Average
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania

Risk by regime

Compared to the worldwide average for this method

Closed autocracy
Electoral autocracy
Electoral democracy
Liberal democracy