024 symbolic lights

methods of nonviolent protest and persuasion symbolic public acts
024 symbolic lights banner

"Torches, lanterns and candles are often carried in protest parades and marches and have sometimes also been used in other types of protest activities. For example, in South Africa on June 26, 1953, the anniversary of the launching of the 1952 Defiance Campaign, the African National Congress leader Chief Albert Luthuli appealed to Africans and their allies to light bonfires or candles or lanterns outside their homes “as a symbol of the spark of freedom which we are determined to keep alive in our hearts, and as a sign to freedom-lovers that we are keeping the vigil on that night.” 136"...

((Sharp, Gene. The Politics of Nonviolent Action (p. 166). Albert Einstein Institution. Kindle Edition.))

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037 singing

singing

trending_up 8.4/10 as a pair
group_work In 8 campaigns together
150 noncooperation by constituent governmental units

noncooperation by constituent governmental units

trending_up 10.0/10 as a pair
group_work In 2 campaigns together
011 records radio and television

records radio and television

trending_up 8.2/10 as a pair
group_work In 9 campaigns together

warning Potentially problematic matches

159 the fast fast of moral pressure hunger strike satyagrahic fast

the fast fast of moral pressure hunger strike satyagrahic fast

trending_down 4.3/10 as a pair
group_work In 3 campaigns together
089 severance of funds and credit

severance of funds and credit

trending_down 4.5/10 as a pair
group_work In 2 campaigns together
004 signed public statements

signed public statements

trending_down 5.6/10 as a pair
group_work In 5 campaigns together

High scoring campaigns using this method

Historical cases from the Nonviolent Action Database that used this method

British citizens protest apartheid South African sports tours (Stop the Seventy Tour), 1969-1970

10.0/10

The world voiced its opposition to the National Party’s apartheid government ruling in South Africa in a new way in 1964. International sports tours and matches had become a focal point of cultural identity for whites in South Africa. Victories, to t...

Croatians protest closure of radio station (Radio 101), 1996

10.0/10

In the 20th century, Croatia existed in several different incarnations. Until 1918, Croatia was part of Austria-Hungary, but with the dissolution of the empire, Croatia instead cofounded Yugoslavia with other Balkan states. However, like the Austria-...

Estonians campaign for independence (The Singing Revolution), 1987-1991

10.0/10

Estonians have long held a tradition of singing. Beginning in 1869, Estonians have held a song festival every five years called the Laulupidu during which thousands of Estonians gather to sing together. During the 1940s, the Soviet Union invaded and ...

South Koreans demonstrate for President Park Guen-hye's resignation (Candlelight Revolution), 2016-2017

10.0/10

In 2016, a scandal erupted in South Korea when the local TV channel JTBC found President Park Geun-hye’s photos, public speeches, and policy drafts in a discarded tablet PC reportedly owned and used by Choi Soon-sil, a longtime friend of Park with no...

Lithuanians campaign for national independence, 1988-1991

10.0/10

Russia first occupied Lithuania and introduced a program of “Russification,” an attempt to eliminate Lithuanian language and culture in favor of Russian culture, in the mid-19th century. After 22 years of independence from Russia, the Molotov-Ribbent...

Bulgarians campaign for democratic reforms and multi-party rule, 1989-90

10.0/10

By 1989, Bulgaria’s Communist Party Leader Todor Zhivkov had ruled the country for 35 years through a constitutionally sanctioned single-party government. Zhivkov and the communist Politburo had always quickly repressed any opposition and independent...

Citizens of South Korea campaign for investigation of the Sewol ferry accident, 2014-2017

9.0/10

South Koreans across the country stood in solidarity with the families of the victims, demanding further investigation of the accident, as well as recovery of the ship - a project, which the government, expected would cost anywhere from $200 million ...

Swarthmore College students win divestment from apartheid South Africa, 1978-1989

9.0/10

Starting in the 1960’s, students in the United States started organizing against apartheid in South Africa. They targeted banks and other companies involved in South Africa, and by the 1970’s, many students were starting campaigns to encourage their ...

South Korean media workers resist privatisation of television networks, 2008-2009

9.0/10

Following President Lee Myungbak’s inauguration in February 2008, media workers criticised his policies on the press. The workers accused Lee of attempting to exert greater control over the media by handpicking the chair of the national broadcasting ...

Massachusetts residents block construction of Kinder Morgan Northeast Energy Direct pipeline 2014-2016

9.0/10

In September 2014, Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (TGP), a subsidiary of Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, L.P., proposed a 346-mile pipeline to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). The proposal included two paths: a 220-mile “supply...

Low scoring campaigns using this method

Historical cases from the Nonviolent Action Database that used this method

Icelanders protest Karahnjukar Hydropower Project, 2000-2006

3.0/10

In December of 2001, Iceland's Minister for the Environment Siv Fridleifsdottir overturned Iceland's National Planning Agency (NPA) decision to reject the Karahnjukar Hydropower Project on the grounds of major negative environmental impacts. The proj...

South Korean Railway Workers Union resist creation of a new affiliate rail company, 2013

3.0/10

The South Korean railway strike began when Korea Railroad Corporation (KORAIL) revealed plans to establish a new affiliate rail company to manage the bullet train line from Suseo to Pyeongtaek. The Korean Railway Workers Union (KRWU) claimed that thi...

Effectiveness profile

Success by Opponent
Corporation / Business 8.6
Educational Institution 6.0
Financial Institution 6.0
Government / State Body 7.4
Judiciary / Legal System 7.0
Military / Police 7.2
Success by Theme
Success by Group Type
Success by Region
Success by Campaign Scale
Success by Goal Magnitude

Risk profile

Risk by region

Compared to the worldwide average for this method

Africa
skull
Lethal Force and Harm trending_flat Average
personal_injury
Physical Assault (Non-Lethal) trending_flat Average
gavel
Arrests and Legal Action trending_flat Average
campaign
Intimidation and Harassment trending_flat Average
lock
Restrictions on Rights and Freedoms trending_flat Average
house_siding
Property Damage and Economic Reprisals trending_flat Average
Americas
Asia
Europe

Risk by regime

Compared to the worldwide average for this method

Closed autocracy
Electoral autocracy
Electoral democracy
Liberal democracy